• someone who is highly educated in a profession (high-level occupation like teaching or medicine) nursing, or the law.
• people who are paid for their skills: professional football players, musicians, or actors (compared to amateurs who play football, perform music, or act for pleasure rather than money.)
• We also use ‘professional’ to describe someone who does their work in a very responsible, disciplined manner: “that receptionist is very professional in the way she handles angry clients.”

Which of these occupations (jobs) is a profession?

A) a salesman

B) a fast-food cook

C) a farmer

D) a lawyer

5. To create is to make something new, as God created the earth or as someone invents an entirely new product (like the first telephone.) Sir Arthur Conan Doyle created the modern detective novel. Which of these is false?

A) Walt Disney created Disneyland

B) Alexander Graham Bell created the telephone

C) Benjamin Franklin created electricity

D) Miguel Cervantes created Don Quixote.

6. A motive is a person’s reason for acting. Sometimes we talk about hidden motives, when people pretend to be helping others when their actual motive is personal gain. To motivate is to move someone to action. Motivation is what moves a person-- very similar to motive.

Which of these would not be a motivation to run for president?

A) a desire for power

B) a desire for fame and honor

C) a desire to help people

D) a desire to relax and work less

7. An area is a region or place. It might be the surroundings for a city: for example the Chicago area. Area also is a measurement term. The area of a rectangle is its length times its width. (A field 30 meters long and 20 meters wide would have an area of 600 square meters.)

If you got sick while visiting an unfamiliar area (somewhere you don’t know well), which of these questions would NOT help you find local medical help?

A) Is there a hospital near here?

B) Is there a hospital in this area?

C) Is a hospital in your area expensive?

D) Do you have a local hospital?

8.A tradition is an established way of doing things. It can be a holiday custom many people follow year after year like decorating a tree at Christmas or eating turkey on Thanksgiving, or just the old ways that people in a certain area have followed for generations.

Which of these is a traditional way to keep in touch (continue to communicate with friends who are far away)? A) send an email

B) send a letter or Christmas card

C) make a phone call

D)send a text message

9. Instincts are feelings or reactions that do not have to be learned, but are in all people (or animals) from birth. The maternal instinct causes human or animal mothers to care for and protect their babies. Babies have an instinctive fear of loud noises. Predators like dogs, cats, or lions instinctively chase small animals (or even objects like a stick or a string) that move.

Which of these is an instinct?

A) A dog sitting up when its owner says “Sit!”

B) A fish biting a hook hidden in a worm.

C) A policeman lifting a gun when he sees a criminal reach into his coat.

D) Children running outside when they hear an ice cream truck nearby.

10.Techniques are the methods and procedures used in various skills. One good study technique is

A) to review for short periods frequently.

B) to study all night before a big exam.

C) to write down every word the teacher says and then rewrite the whole lecture.

D) to copy your best friend’s notes, even if they don’t make sense.

11. A series is an ordered group of things, like a list, or events that happen in a definite order. Which of these sentences does NOT use ‘series’ correctly?

A) A series of earthquakes occurred between 10 and 12 AM yesterday.

B) The World Series is a group of baseball games between winning teams to determine the top team of them all.

C) She shopped for a series of vegetables, fruits, and desserts.

D) The teacher planned a series of tests to prepare students for the final exam.

12.Similar means almost the same: alike. Which of these are similar?

A) Handwriting and printing.

B) Vegetables and fruits

C) A twin brother and sister

D) Two twin brothers

13. Final means last. Which of these are CORRECT uses of ‘finally?’ (There are more than one.)

A) To introduce the last point or argument of an essay: “Finally, we need detectives to solve crimes.”

B) To describe the last event: “The finally race will be a relay.”

C) To tell someone we have been waiting: “You have finally arrived!”

D) To express relief: “I’m finally done!”

14. ‘En’ is a prefix that sometimes means ‘in’, but often turns an adjective or noun into a verb meaning ‘to make ____’:

• to enrich- to make rich,
• to enlighten- to cause or increase light (give light or understanding on a subject),
• to envision- to get a clearer vision or imagine something

B) to make a new ability

C) to make able

D) to make someone disabled

15. A procedure is like a process: a standard, fixed order for doing a particular kind of work. A supervisor tells a new employee, “You’re not following the proper procedures for taking inventory!” What should the new employee do?

A) Say “This is the way they taught me to take inventory at my old company!”

B) Ask for an explanation or demonstration of the company’s preferred procedure.

C) Put on his uniform.

D) Leave the office.

16.Experts are people who know more than most people about a subject. ‘Expert’ can also be an adjective. At a murder trial, to prove the cause of death they might need an expert witness who is a

A) mechanical engineer

B) lawyer

C) nuclear physicist

D) doctor

17. Unique means one-of-a-kind: the only one, with nothing else similar to it. Which of these works of art is unique, with no others like it.

A) cave art

B) a traditional basket design

C) an elegant Roman wine glass

D) Picasso’s painting ‘Guernica.”

18.Insight is a clear understanding of something-- often a new or better understanding than most people have. Which of these is NOT an insight?

A) Tommy getting the right answer on his math test

B) Einstein developing the theory of relativity.

C) Shakespeare writing about Mac Beth’s motivations

D) Pasteur realizing that tiny bacteria caused many diseases

19. To react is to act in response to something that happens. (Being proactive is acting first, not waiting for a problem to develop.) If someone hits you in the nose, which of these is not a normal reaction?

A) Getting angry

B) Hitting back

C) Running away

D) Smiling at the person

20. To contribute is to give or share something with others. Which of these slogans for a non-profit organization is badly worded?

A) If you can’t give money, contribute your time.

B) Your contributions are tax-deductible.

C) Thanks for contribute.

D) Thank you for contributing to our cause.

1C) Sir Arthur Conan Doyle

2. Which of these is NOT a cultural difference?

C) Some people drive cars to work; others take the bus or ride bicycles to their jobs. (This answer involves an individual or economic choice; the others are often the result of culture-- the way a whole group of people has traditionally done things.)

3. These cultures emphasize

B) the value of eating together

4 Which of these occupations (jobs) is a profession?

D) a lawyer

5. Which of these is false?

C) Benjamin Franklin created electricity.

(Electricity is a natural force. Franklin studied it, and was interested in ways to use it, but it existed long before he did.)

6. Which of these would not be a motivation to run for president?

D) a desire to relax and work less

7. If you got sick while visiting an unfamiliar area (somewhere you don’t know well), which of these questions would NOT help you find local medical help?

C) Is a hospital in your area expensive?

8. Which of these is a traditional way to keep in touch (continue to communicate with friends who are far away)?

B) send a letter or Christmas card

9. Which of these is an instinct?

B) A fish biting a hook hidden in a worm. (The other actions have been learned through past experiences or training.) Instinct is not on the awl list!

10. One good study technique is

A) to review for short periods frequently.

11. Which of these sentences does NOT use ‘series’ correctly?

C) She shopped for a series of vegetables, fruits, and desserts.

12. Which of these are similar?

D) Two twin brothers

13. Which of these are CORRECT uses of ‘finally?’ (There are more than one.)

A) To introduce the last point or argument of an essay: “Finally, we need detectives to solve crimes.”

C) To tell someone we have been waiting: “You have finally arrived!”

D) To express relief: “I’m finally done!”

(B) is incorrect: To describe the last event: “The finally race will be a relay.” It should say the “final” event. Finally is an adverb, so it can’t be used to describe a noun.)

14. So to enable means

C) to make able

15. What should the new employee do?

B) Ask for an explanation or demonstration of the company’s preferred procedure.

16. At a murder trial, to prove the cause of death they might need an expert witness who is a

D) doctor

17. Which of these works of art is unique, with no others like it.

D) Picasso’s painting ‘Guernica.”

18. Which of these is NOT an insight?

A) Tommy getting the right answer on his math test

19. If someone hits you in the nose, which of these is not a normal reaction?

D) Smiling at the person

20. Which of these slogans for a non-profit organization is badly worded?

C) Thanks for contribute. (Don’t use a verb after a preposition. Use a noun or a gerund: Thanks for your contribution or Thanks for contributing.)

Fill in the blanks. You will need each word only once, so you can cross it off once you use it.

area, author, contributions, culture, enabled, expert, insights, motivated, reaction, techniques traditional, unique

Alfred Kroeber was an anthropologist (a scientist who studies human cultures) at U. C. Berkeley during the early and mid 20th century. He was an ____________ on California Indian ____________, and was the ____________ of several books about it. Kroeber made many _______________ to the study of cultural anthropology.

As a professional anthropologist and linguist, he was called to interpret when a lone native American named Ishi came out of the northern California hills about 1910. (Most people had thought there were no Indians left in that ____________who still lived the ____________ way, without using western tools or clothing or understanding any English.)

Ishi’s first ____________ to western civilization was fear, but he learned to trust Kroeber. Ishi ____________ anthropologists to gain new _____________ into a ____________ that not longer existed. He demonstrated many of the traditional ________________ for making the tools that had helped him survive alone for so long. Ishi’s ______________ story may have ____________ a new generation of students to become anthropologists.